China President Election Electing the NPC

With a population of 1.3 billion people, direct elections of national leaders in China would likely be a task of Herculean proportions. Thats why Chinese election procedures for its highest leaders are instead based on an elaborate series of representative elections. Heres what you should know about the National Peoples Congress and the election process in the Peoples Republic of China. What Is the National Peoples Congress? The National Peoples Congress, or NPC, is the supreme organ of state power in China. It is composed of deputies who are elected from various provinces, regions, and government bodies across the country. Each congress is elected for a five-year term.   The NPC is responsible for the following: Amending the constitution and overseeing its enforcement.Enacting and amending basic laws  governing criminal offenses, civil affairs, state organs, and other matters.Electing and appointing members  to central state organs, including the chairman, vice chairmen, secretary-general, and other members of the NPC Standing Committee. The NPC also elects the President and Vice-President of the Peoples Republic of China. In spite of these official powers, the 3,000-person NPC is largely a symbolic body, as members are not often willing to challenge leadership. Therefore, true political authority rests with the Chinese Communist Party, whose leaders ultimately set policy for the country. While the NPCs power is limited, there have been times in history when dissenting voices from the NPC have forced decision-making goals and policy reconsideration. How the Elections Work Chinas representative elections begin with a direct vote of the people in local and village elections operated by local election committees. In cities, the local elections are broken down by residential area or work units. Citizens 18 and older vote for their  village and local people’s congresses, and those congresses, in turn, elect the representatives to provincial people’s congresses. The provincial congresses in China’s 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly ruled by the Central Government, special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and armed forces then elect the roughly 3,000 delegates to the National People’s Congress (NPC). The National People’s Congress is empowered to elect China’s president, premier, vice president, and Chair of the Central Military Commission as well as the president of the Supreme People’s Court and the procurator-general of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The NPC also elects the NPC Standing Committee, a 175-member body made up of NPC representatives that meets year-round to approve routine and administrative issues. The NPC also has the power to remove any of the above-listed positions. On the first day of the Legislative Session, the NPC also elects the NPC Presidium, made up of 171 of its members. The Presidium determines the session’s agenda, voting procedures on bills, and a list of non-voting delegates that can attend the NPC session. Sources: Ramzy, A. (2016). Q. and A.: How China’s National People’s Congress Works. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/asia/china-national-peoples-congress-npc.html The National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. (n.d.). Functions and Powers of the National Peoples Congress. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Organization/2007-11/15/content_1373013.htm The National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China. (n.d.). National Peoples Congress. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Organization/node_2846.htm

Evaluation Of A Research Project - 2252 Words

6.1 Introduction and overview This section describes the methodology used for the research. It considers first the philosophical position agreed for the research, then the methodology involved in the research. In this case, the research was made up of a focus group, using a sample of young people and adults with LDD and a small number of parents and carers who completed questionnaires. The methods of data analysis were then documented, and the final section reflects on issues of validity and reliability. 6.2 Philosophical position It is understood that all research is centred on the researchers motivating philosophical assumptions. Smith and Wood’s opinions are that â€Å"worldviews and philosophical positions are the basis for making†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, these worldviews and philosophical assumptions are what researchers have endorsed to carry out their research along with their chosen methodologies for the expansion of gathering new knowledge in a given study (Frels and Onwuegbuzie, 2016). Therefore, to conduct and evaluate any research, it is important for that reason to know what these assumptions are. 6.3 Epistemology foundationalism It is explained that â€Å"Epistemology is a term that describes the nature of knowledge and the means of knowing; â€Å"how we know what we know† or â€Å"what we conceive as a truth† (Kuada, 2012, p.59) and the way knowledge is created and constructed or revealed and fixed (Wisker, 2011). Epistemology also provides a philosophical background for deciding what kinds of knowledge are legitimate and adequate, which helps with the most novice of researchers who quickly select a data gathering method as they are keen to get on with the job (Gray, 2011). Positivism is seen as being concerned with gathering facts about a reality that is seen as real (Silverman, 2006) in order to explain human behaviour (Bryman and Bell, 2011). In opposition to this is interpretivism that seeks to understand human behaviour (Maylor and Blackman, 2005), whilst constructionism holds the belief that as reality is socially constructed and subjective there are multiple realities, Berger and LuckmanShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research Project979 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation stage At the beginning of the project I found it a bit challenging as I became apprehensive about meeting all the time scales I had set and completing all the objectives. 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Corporate Governance is Important Function of Public Company

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance is Important Function of Public Company. Answer: Corporate governance plays a very important role in the smooth functioning of the operations of company. It is regarded as the backbone for every type of companies and majorly public companies across the globe. The public company will not be able to satisfy the ever changing requirements of the public and their stakeholders including the potential investors unless the company has the system of good corporate governance (Dandino, 2014). In common parlance the corporate governance deals with the top management of the company and is related to the proper functioning on the part of the personnel involved at that level. But in actual the corporate governance is related with the timely and accurate adoption of the practices in the company which is regarded as the best and implementation thereon. It is also related with the compliance with the rules, regulations and the laws as applicable in the respective country to the public company and adherence to the ethical code of conduct and standa rds so as to ensure that the company so concerned has discharged the responsibility towards the stakeholders including the society of the organization. The corporate governance has not risen immediately rather it has gained the importance from the last two decades when stakeholders feel that they are being informed in the very helpful and delight manner. Every public company is required to publish the corporate governance statement as annexed to the annual report of the company at the end of every reporting period. It is required to be disclosed as per the statutes and laws. Managers are the personnel employed in the organization who deals with the particular function of the company. The function may be purchase, it may be sale, it may be production, it may be marketing and etc. The personnel who manage the particular function are known as the managers. For instance Marketing manager of Australia division, purchase manager of Pilbara plant located in Australia. Managers are solely accountable and responsible for all the functions and activities taken by them in order to reach at the common goals of the business organization (Arjoon, 2013). Objectives of the organization depend upon the nature and size of the business of the company. Managers employed in the organization shall perform its functions in the efficient way so as to achieve the objectives of the company on one hand and strive to provide the society with the long term benefits on the other hand. Most of the companies have been found where the companies end up with the zero results due to the adoption of the short term benefit policy. Such system has been first introduced and failed and is known as Anglo American corporate governance system. The role of the finance manager in the finance sector is to generate the time value for money so that not only the company can have the long term benefits but also the society can have the returns for the longer period to come. Value is the total of the equity share capital and reserves of the company. The big problem that is being faced by the company in the achieving of good corporate governance is providing of maximum satisfaction to the stakeholders of the company (,Jensen, 2011). Value maximization of the firm will always lead to the maximization of the shareholders wealth and the finance manager of the company sometimes becomes the agent. Manager has been regarded as agent in the sense that he has to look after the needs of the organization as well as the need of the stakeholders including the shareholders of the company (Letza, 2014). The finance will be obtained by the company only when the company will provide the maximum return to their shareholders and on the other hand the company will pay the return to the extent it does not extend beyond the increase in cost of financing the same (Freeman, 2012). In accordance with the stakeholder theory, the finance managers are required to consider the interest of every shareholder and the stakeholder of the company and shall always try to make the tradeoffs between the interest of the numerous of the stakeholders (Fontaine and Schmid, 2016). If the manager starts making tradeoffs then he or she will end up with the zero results. Therefore, managers are required to first focus on the objective of the company then he will check for the stakeholders interest. For instance, one company has approached the finance sector company for the funding requirements. The company has planned to develop the cold chain industry for fruits. As this is the infrastructure sector, government provided the benefits in the shape of the subsidy to the company. Now the finance manager is solely responsible for conducting the feasibility study of the project of the company as to how the project will work, whether the company will be able to generate the profits in future so as to have paid the amount of the installment. Thus, in this way the finance manager will function in an organization. All the functions that the finance manager undertakes are related to the system of having the good corporate governance. It is in the sense that as the company is the finance sector company there may be the chances of default from the customer side with regard to the default in making payment of the installment. Its the finance manager which helped the company in making the procedures where there will be the chance of having such non payments as lower. All the processes and procedures that the management of the company has laid down are covered and are as per the corporate governance of the public company (Jensen, 2011). In order to conclude with the discussion, the corporate governance is the most important function of public company and every company shall disclose the matters related to the compliance as well as non compliance with the provisions of the applicable laws. Finance managers in case of financial sector company will always be treated as agent and the same is responsible for maintaining the relationship between the two company and the stakeholders of the company. References Arjoon S. , (2013), Ethical Orientation for Future Managers : The Case of Trinidad, Social and Economic Studies, pages 100-114. Dandino P. (2014), Corporate Governance : Something for everyone, Franchising World, pages 40-41. Freeman R, (2012), Stakeholder Theory and The Corporate Objectives Revisited, Organization Science, Pages 366-368 Fontaine C and Schmid S, (2016), The Stakeholder Theory accessed on https://www.martonomily.com/sites/default/files/attach/Stakeholders%20theory.pdf accessed at 30-04-2018 Jensen M, (2011), Value Maximization, Stakeholder theory, and the Corporate Objective function, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley. Jensen M, (2011), Value Maximization and Stakeholder Theory, accessed on 30-04-2018 available at https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/value-maximization-and-stakeholder-theory. Letza S, (2014), Shareholding Versus Stakeholding : A critical review of Corporate Governance, Blackwell Publishing : USA.